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Motion analysis is the science that quantitatively investigates human body movement. Motion analysis can help simplify human body motion when performing complex tasks, facilitate standardization of the movement and improve the efficiency of carrying out the tasks. Currently, motion analysis has been widely applied in many fields of the daily life, including medicine, sports science, rehabilitation, entertainment, etc. In clinics, motion analysis had been used in not only the diagnoses of various neuromusculoskeletal diseases and patient-specific treatment planning, but also in the evaluation of outcomes of medical devices such as orthopedic implants and rehabilitation equipment. Therefore, the development of accurate and user-friendly motion analysis techniques will greatly advance the orthopedic surgeries, rehabilitation applications, precision medicine and medical engineering research. This article briefly introduces the history of motion analysis science, typical motion capture technologies, and then discusses the clinical applications of contemporary motion analysis methods as well as its future development.
ABSTRACT
The traditional method of in vitro biomechanical study cannot simulate the realistic environment in human body due to the limitation of in vitro technology. Using advanced imaging techniques and testing methods, in vivo biomechanical studies of cervical spine kinematics can directly observe the cervical spine motion of living subjects. The data obtain repeats physiological situations and has important implications for improvement in clinical practice. In this paper, the biomechanical research methods of cervical spine kinematics, as well as the development process and current status were reviewed. The postoperative changes in cervical spine kinematics and the effects on adjacent segments following cervical spine fusion and cervical disc arthroplasty surgery were analyzed. The future developments in cervical spine research were also discussed.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the analgesic effect and safety of acupuncture-anesthetic composite anesthesia (AACA) in hysteroscopic surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 93 patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery were randomly assigned to the intravenous anesthesia group (A group, 30 cases), the AACA group (B group, 32 cases), and the acupuncture combined with intravenous anesthesia group (C group, 31 cases). Patients in Group A were anesthetized by sufentanil combined propofol. Those in Group B were anesthetized by sufentanil combined acupuncture. Those in Group C were anesthetized by sufentanil, propofol combined acupuncture. Yinlian and Ququan (LR8) were needled for patients in Group B and C. The peri-operative mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and oxygen saturation (SpO2), the surgical time, the recovery time, the sufentanil and propofol dosages, adverse anesthesia reactions were observed. Meanwhile, the OAA/S score, Ramsay sedation score, and Visual Analogue Score (VAS) were also measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with Group A and C, patients in Group B were awake, with obvious increased OAA/S score (P < 0.01). Ramsay sedation score was significantly lower (P < 0.01).The MAP and HR were elevated (P < 0.05). The patient case of SpO2 less than 85% during the operation decreased (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative dizziness was reduced (P < 0.05). Compared with Group A, the propofol consumption decreased in Group C (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the operation time, the sufentanil dosage, VAS score, the incidence of postoperative nause- a and vomiting among the three groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The patients were awake in AACA. The intraoperative sedation was better than that obtained by intravenous anesthesia. But the analgesic effect was similar to that obtained by intravenous anesthesia.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Young Adult , Acupuncture Analgesia , Analgesia , Methods , Anesthesia, Intravenous , HysteroscopyABSTRACT
Knee joint is the largest joint in human body, with the most complex anatomy and the highest demand on motor function. The number of patients who receive the total knee arthroplasty (TKA) grows at the rate of over 10% annually around the world. TKA was developed from total hip arthroplasty, and has been developed rapidly during the thirty years' development. In this paper, evolution of prosthesis types, geometric shape and size of prosthesis and breakthrough in biomechanics of knee joint were reviewed; controversial issues in contemporary TKA studies were discussed; and the development of TKA in future was forecasted.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To improve the understanding of thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma (TNC) by retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 21 cases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 21 patients with TNC treated in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1998 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 12 males and 9 females, with onset age ranging from 13 to 67 years and the mean age of 43 years. The clinical manifestation was diverse, in which the malaise of chest and back accounted for 57.1% (12/21), Cushing's syndrome 33.3% (7/21), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 accounted for 4.8% (1/21), pharyngeal malaise 4.8%, superior vena cava syndrome 4.8% (1/21) and asymptomatic patients accounted for 4.8% (1/21). Eighteen of them demonstrated metastasis, in which 13 had metastasis to lymph nodes and local vascular invasion, 9 to lung or pleura, 5 to bone, 1 to liver and 1 was recurred in situ. Twenty of them were treated by surgical resection. Eleven of them received radiotherapy and 9 chemotherapy after surgery. One patient was too severe to endure surgery, and was a treated by chemotherapy only.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TNC is rare, and its clinical features are complex, with a high level of malignancy. The first choice of treatment is resection. Adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy may be applied in patients with metastasis.</p>